Native Americans Civil Rights Struggle Essay - 877 Words

The Native Americans have come across long journey of difficult times since the occupation of their land by European settlers. There are still two sides of a coin- a world of civilization and a world of underdeveloped society in this one country- USA. The paradox is that the constitution which seems to be a model of democracy to many nations of the world lacks a lot for not acting accordingly. Those organized and unorganized struggles of Native Americans were challenged by the heavily armed white majority settlers. This history is among the worst American experience because of the massacre and the violation against human right. In order to be heard, they protest, occupy land, and write books. The Native Americans have raised several†¦show more content†¦The Alcatraz occupation lasted for nineteen months. The Alcatraz opposition was followed by another major event in the struggle of native America’s civil right at Wounded Knee south Dakota. In 1972, they requested the government for land ownerships, rights for their water and mineral recourses in their land, and for equality according to the constitution. This was followed by the huge damage of the Bureau of Indian Affairs-BIA. In 1973, the government came with denying the requests and then the leaders of American-Indian movement -AIM, promised to keep struggling (Kent 1769). The leaders of the AIM were Russel Means and Denis Banks. There were also some internal differences among the Indian-American tribes. For instance Oglala Sioux Tribe leaders were criticizing the oppositions. As a result, The AIM leaders were also critical to those tribes and to the tribal president Richard Wilson. They blamed Wilson for his mismanagement of his tribe’s fund. Wilson had responded with serious attack on his opponents and their familie s. Hence, the government supported Wilson and convinced as the leaders intended to size BIA on February 12, 19763 which was followed by 60 heavily armed marshals (Kent). As a result, on February 23, 250 people of Oglala tribe and AIM members agreed and broke on arm store to fight Wilson at Wounded Knee. The Alcatraz opposition and the Wounded Knee struggle were among the turning points of the AmericanShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Movement : African Americans And Native Americans1086 Words   |  5 Pagesbuilt the foundation for civil rights, a movement in which minorities fought for equality. Groups that previously had been discriminated against began to defend themselves with greater strength and success. The civil rights movement inspired African Americans, Native Americans, women, queers, and Latinos to fight for equality. Although each social group faced their own unique challenges during the civil rights movement, each group shared a common connection through their struggles for equality. MutualRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement And African Americans1048 Words   |  5 Pagesfor civil rights, a movement through which minorities fought for equal opportunity. Groups that previously had been submerged or subordinate began more forcefully and successfully to defend themselves. The civil rights movement inspired African Americans, Native Americans, women, queers, and Latinos to fight for equality. Thesis : Although each social group faced their own unique challenges during the civil rights movement, each group shared a common connection through their struggles for equalityRead MoreCivil Rights971 Words   |  4 PagesCivil Rights The struggle for equality has been a battle fought for hundreds of years amongst Native Americans, African Americans, and Mexican Americans. 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His main g oal was to achieve justice and peace amongst â€Å"colored† people, including white Americans. The civil rights movement in 1964 has led to remarkable forward advances for individuals rights for African Americans, Native Americans, HispanicsRead MoreAssessment of the Native American Experience from 1925-1975 Essay525 Words   |  3 Pagesof the Native American Experience from 1925-1975 Throughout the 1925-1975 period, the Native American population of the United States has faced many obstacles. Just a few years before, they had been suppressed by the federal government’s â€Å"Anti-Long Hair† policy for all Native American males. This would set the stage for future cultural restraint on the Indians. However, they continued to fight for equality. All through this time period, the experience of the Native American culture

How to Prepare for a Job Interview Free Essays

Preparing yourself for a job interview can be stressful for some people, but now that you have an interview it is time for you to overcome your fear barriers and prepare yourself before the interview. The first impression is always the best impression so you want to dazzle the employer by walking in shoulders high, well dressed and groomed, nice smile, firm handshake, eye to eye contact, and sit when asked by the employer. Before you get to that point of walking in that employer’s room it is always important to do some homework first. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Prepare for a Job Interview or any similar topic only for you Order Now Research about the company before the interview because it shows commitment and that is a quality that employers look for when hiring. You want to get to know all about the company and their mission study that and also more insight on the job for which you are applying for. Make sure their qualification matches your skills and abilities and be enthusiastic when speaking. Study your resume it is good to memorize what is on your resume so when the employer asks you a question about what is on your resume, you will know it and you should be not fumbling back and forth between words. Study you weakness and strengths as you compare your skills with the employer’s qualifications use the skill that you are qualified for as your strength. Your weakness is the qualifications that your employer is looking for that are not listed in your job description, study them and turn that it into a strength to show the employer that you may not have experience in that area , but know a lot about the subject and eager to learn more from working in their establishment. It is also important to produce a portfolio of yourself to show employers and they seeks for candidates who are well organized, prepared, knows the inn’s and out’s of the company and willing to go the extra mile to get the job done efficiently. Your job portfolio should include: †¢Resume †¢Master Application †¢Reference Page †¢Cover Letter †¢Thank You Letter †¢Certifications†¦ Perfect attendance, employee of the month, outstanding performance, participation awards †¢Letters of Recommendation†¦ from your former employer, past teachers, someone work with you on volunteer project †¢High School / G. E. D Certificate †¢Police Clearance †¢Valid Picture I. D †¢Social Security Card Indicates what credentials are need for the interview to prepare yourself for the questions the employer my through at you and remember never leave home without you portfolio! Through research, practicing, taking deep breaths inhale exh ale and visualizing how the interview will go can help you overcome nerviness and prepare you to stay calm. Staying mentally prepared will keep you advanced in an interview. That apply to your weakness as well write them down and go over them many times as that will help you nail the interview. This will help you gain confidence and stay in control of the interview but it is important to remember that the employer is in the driver seat, never try to take the lead. Prepare yourself for the end of the interview write down ten questions to ask the employer never ask about salary until the second interview and only after the employer mentions it first. This is what I would prepare and study to ask the employer: †¢When hiring what do you look for in an employee? †¢What type of skills do you look for when hiring? †¢When viewing a resume what shows the most interest? What type educational background do you look for? †¢What skills do I need to work on to get promoted in the company? †¢Does it take a long time for promotions? †¢If I want to go back to school to advance in the company does the company pay for school/training? †¢How many years have you been with the company? †¢How did you get the position that you are in? †¢What is your edu cational background? These are some good question to ask the employer to gain some more insight about the company and the interviewer, it shows interest and that you are open to learn. Also it helps you to identify if all what the employer’s answers are compares to your job description that you are a possible candidate for the position. Now that you have mentally prepared yourself for the interview, it is now the nigh before the interview what should you do? First you should get your wardrobe together find something suitable for the interview, wear darker colors not to loud, you don’t want to distract the employer with bright colors. Iron your cloths, bath or shower and do all you’re grooming the night before Get a goodnights rest by getting at least eight hours worth of sleep. Waking up early, having a well-balance breakfast, more grooming, it is best not to wear perfume/cologne the employer my be allergic to it, get ready early, visualize, review and practices for interview. Study your list that you made of your weakness and strengths and practice how you will articulate them, and arrive at the interview at lease fifteen minutes early. How to cite How to Prepare for a Job Interview, Papers

Art And Its Meaning Essay Example For Students

Art And Its Meaning Essay Jose Clemente Orozco was a Mexican social realist painter who specialized in bold murals. He was known as a muralist because he painted themes of violence or intolerance. Murals are notorious for their professional nature and the notable level of skill of the artists creating them. In his panel Modern Human Sacrifice we can see his focus on the indigenous culture. His creative use of this title tells me that he was not only sacrificing a human, but also the idea of modernism, since modernism was not an idea that stemmed from Latin Americans. He also uses many tools to give the viewers hints to his thoughts. For instance the colors that he uses, the flag on the dead body, and the man singing next to the tubas display a victorious mood. The only colors that Orozco uses in this panel are red, blue and gold. Red signifies blood and passion. The blood is what they were willing to shed to protect the indigenous values and beliefs. Passion is what they felt about their way of living and the want to keeps things their way. Blue symbolizes religion; they did not want colonizers to come and change what they have known and practiced for so long. He uses gold to tell us that this is the time of the golden age; he knew that no matter how hard they fought the Europeans would soon get their way, but they did not give up without a fight. We can see this because of the dead corpse with the flag stuck in it. During a battle the flag is stuck in the ground by the group of people winning the fight, and I think that at this point Orozco felt as if the indigenous people were winning their battle. Another interesting part of this panel is the man singing next the tubas. It is as if he is singing an anthem; the anthem of victory because the conqueror has fallen. In addition to the flag, the colors, and the man singing next to the tuba, I did notice that there were flowers thrown over the dead body. Perhaps the indigenous people that witnessed the human sacrifice threw flowers as if to say job well done. Sort of like when someone wins a contest. This panel is telling a story about a group of people who are sick and tired of being bullied on their own territory. It was mentioned that human sacrifice was a tool that was used to threaten and to show power, and what better way to do it? They were going to show the Europeans what would happen should they continue to try to force their religion and values upon them. In summary, in order to understand this panel, or any piece of art, you have to know about the artist. Since I knew that Jose Clemente Orozco was a muralist and what made him a muralist I could piece together the puzzle. It also helps the viewer to analyze any piece that jumps out of the painting because the artist may have made that piece a certain color or shape on purpose to grab the viewers attention. As to say look at me I mean something. You see art is like poetry or telling a story even, and just like every poem or every story has a reason for being told; art has a reason for being created. The viewer just has to find out what it is.

Santa Claus free essay sample

There are three stages in a man’s life; When he believes in Santa Claus, When he doesn’t believe in Santa Claus, and when he is Santa Claus† – Author Unknown How many people do you know who believed in Santa Claus as a child? Some say the image of Santa Claus takes away from the fact that Christmas is to celebrate the birth of Christ. Some opinions are â€Å"What is Christmas without Santa Claus? † The innocence in a belief of someone who gives and doesn’t expect anything in return can instill generosity and selflessness in a young child. There is a downside to such a magical belief that it can be a devastating event as a child to discover that a hero is nonexistent. A child’s belief in Santa Claus is special because that kind of compassion and belief can only be enjoyed with the innocence of a child. We will write a custom essay sample on Santa Claus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Children should know about the legendary Santa Claus because it makes long lasting memories, an American childhood tradition, and he was an actual person involved in the history of Christmas; a symbolism know around the world. In all actuality Good Ole Saint Nick was a real person whom indeed provided needy children with gifts at Christmas time. But St. Nick was a Fourth Century Bishop. He was part of the Roman Catholic Church and Orthodox. Saint Nick was known for kindness and generosity in Europe. The image of Santa Claus we are familiar with today began after the death of Saint Nick. He would, reportedly, come in spirit to needy children and leave gifts just as before he passed away. The story of Santa Claus began as early as the Sixteenth century. Reports say he wore a red bishop robe and hat with a black belt and boots, hence the world wide image of the red suit. Saint Nick was given his own feast day assigned by Pope Julian; December 6th. This day was just weeks before the birth of Christ is celebrated which lead to the two holidays becoming one celebration. The Tradition of Santa Claus is of Christian roots but he has become a secular figure. This custom came to the U. S. during the interest in the Dutch and their customs following the Revolutionary War (around 1800). Santa Claus was not this figures original name. Through time and custom interest his name went from Nicholas to Sinter Klass in Holland. Thereafter was Sancta Claus and finally the oh so familiar Santa Claus. The jolly, lump red outfit we are so accustomed to begin in the 1820’s. This was created by a political cartoonist name Thomas Nast. Many years later in 1934 the classical hit â€Å"Santa Claus is Coming to Town† was graciously created. Telling children about the tradition and legend of Good Ole Saint Nick would not be telling a lie. Saint Nick was a real man who promoted generosity and selfless giving. The trust of Santa, or any other holiday figure, can be a tragic experience for a young child. Christmas, as a holiday can become forever changed in their minds. It will appear no longer â€Å"magical† as tradition. The fact that parents convince their children to believe in Santa so young means the child can be lead on for years to come. The parents may add more traditions in the holiday which can make the change much more affecting. Some people say it is unethical for parents to â€Å"lie† to their children, eve for such a magical experience as Santa. Is it possible for the legend of Santa Claus to be more about the parents? Parents will use the belief of Santa Claus against their children. Threatening that Santa won’t bring them gifts at Christmas if they misbehave. Of remind them that Santa is watching if they don’t listen. Another reason for Santa to be present in a child’s life is because the parents believe their family tradition should be carried on into their children’s lives. The fact that Santa showers children with gifts on Christmas morning can promote materialism. The gifts Santa brings are generally the most desperately wanted gifts. This idea can make the children expect such high standards when the family may actually be living on a budget and downsizing would not be easily explainable. A lot of parents believe bring Santa into the Holiday of Christmas can take the focus off of the celebration of Christ. Santa tends to be the focus of the Christmas holiday which can make the interest of only the wanted gifts. I don’t think many people have taken the thought that children may be just as happy to receive gifts from their hard working and caring parents on Christmas morning. This concept instead would teach them the fact of realistic gift giving. The fact is Santa Claus makes the holiday season in its entirety, more magical and legendary for the children. The holidays in turn become much more suspenseful and memorable throughout the year. Santa Claus and his traditions give children something to believe in throughout their childhood. The rewarding gifts are also a symbol of a reward for good behavior preformed throughout the year. , or a reason to be well behaved for at least a few days at the end of the year. Children look up to Santa Claus. This gives them a feeling of being special because Santa views them as individuals. I heard a parent say once â€Å"The tradition of Santa Claus is a good way for the parents to bond with their children, and the children not realizing it†. I don’t know one parent who doesn’t love to see the sparkles in their children’s eyes on Christmas morning when they see that Santa Claus has come to reward them. It has become a part of an American child’s culture and heritage to believe in Santa and embrace the tradition. The media in our lives even encourages the ideas. They provide an address or drop off place for â€Å"Wish Lists† directed for Santa Claus. As well as a phone number to call and verbally ask. The local news station even â€Å"track† Santa Claus on him journey Christmas Eve using the tracking system NORAD. Eventually the time will come to reveal the truth of a life long tradition and holiday mindset. In the beginning of the child’s young childhood most parents agree that the disappointment won’t be as bad as it seems when the time does comes. When the realization takes place there are some kids that relate to it as a form of maturity. A milestone in a young life that brings them to a higher level. There are kids that will solve the mystery themselves and possible still play along to your story because it’s fun and memorable. A young girl named Lexi once told her mother at the tender age of seven â€Å" Mon, is Santa real? her mom replied â€Å"What do you think? † Lexi states â€Å"I think he is make believe, but it’s still fun to pretend! † Other children will found out around the same age. According to similar stories the general age of discovery is nine or ten years old. There will be those children who become devastated and will ask many questions in an effort to understand. After such a reaction Christmas and the holidays in general may be discussed with your child on an entirely new level. It is important to teach children about the spirit of Christ and his birth and how Santa Claus may relate to the fact. Santa Claus should be labeled as a symbol of something special and of ancient culture. Santa may bring elegant toys and reward the children for being well behaved, his story should be told along the epic story of Christ. When the secret of Santa is revealed his tradition should still be in cooperated in to the season just on a new level. Letting children give their own gifts of appreciation can symbolize the giving nature and generosity of Saint Nickolas within the legend began. Originally the generosity was related to Christ and his epic journey. If anything the story of Santa can in turned be used as defense when a child’s parents catch them in a lie, the child can correctly reply â€Å"Easter Bunny, Tooth Fairy, and Santa Claus! † The parent will ultimately stand corrected. As a mother of a three year old I agree with a gentleman by the name of Jeff, a father of two young girls, who states â€Å"They only have one window in life to believe. They are taught all of their actions are being monitored, until they develop a sense of religion. When then inevitable happens and they find out, they are taught to critically think for themselves. †

Iambic Pentameter Verses in Plays Like Julius Caesar

Iambic Pentameter Verses in Plays Like Julius Caesar Shakespeare was famous for writing in iambic pentameter, which is a specific way of rhyming sonnet lines in ten syllables. There are also forms of unrhymed iambic pentameter, as in Macbeth, with the noble characters. This metrical pattern of writing is also known as blank verse, and Shakespeare was famous for composing his plays as such. However, he also included additional forms of writing such as poetry and simple prose. Understanding Iambic Pentameter The term iambic pentameter† can sound intimidating at first, however, its simply a way of speaking that  Shakespeare’s contemporary audience would have been used to. While it is important to have an understanding of what iambic pentameter is to appreciate the plays,  there are only five key things to know: Iambic pentameter is a verse rhythm often used in Shakespeare’s writing.It has 10 syllables per line.Syllables alternate between stressed and unstressed beats, creating this pattern: â€Å"de/DUM de/DUM de/DUM de/DUM de/DUM.†Shakespeare played around with this structure to create different effects (for example, he changed the stress pattern and added syllables).Generally speaking, high-class characters speak in iambic pentameter and lower class characters speak in prose. The Origins of Iambic Pentameter and the Reasons for Its Use The goal of iambic pentameter was to create a meter for the English language in the sixteenth century. The reason for this was due to Latin being seen as the language of true literature while English was for common folk. Because Latin was seen as a superior language for poetry and literature, poets developed iambic pentameter to use English words that could be stressed and unstressed.   The effect of the pattern from Blank Verse allows poetry to be full of movement, imagery, and a music-like quality. In contemporary poetry, it is considered somewhat of a lost art, however, some use the pattern or a similar rhyming scheme  as a technique to bring their work to life. Iambic Pentameter Examples From Famous Shakespearean Plays Examples of iambic pentameter are found in many of Shakespeares plays, such as  Romeo and Juliet, Julius Caesar, A Midsummer Nights Dream, and more. See instances of the pattern in the verses that follow. From Romeo and Juliet: Two households, both alike in dignity,In fair Verona, where we lay our scene,From ancient grudge break to new mutiny,Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean.From forth the fatal loins of these two foesA pair of star-crossd lovers take their life;(Prologue) But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,Who is already sick and pale with grief,That thou her maid art far more fair than she:Be not her maid, since she is envious;Her vestal livery is but sick and greenAnd none but fools do wear it; cast it off.(Act 2, Scene 2) From Julius Caesar: Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears!(Act 3, Scene 2) From A Midsummer Nights Dream: And I do love thee: therefore, go with me;Ill give thee fairies to attend on thee,And they shall fetch thee jewels from the deep,And sing while thou on pressed flowers dost sleep;(Act 3, Scene 1) From Richard III: Now is the winter of our discontentMade glorious summer by this sun of York;And all the clouds that lourd upon our houseIn the deep bosom of the ocean buried.(Act 1, Scene 1) From Macbeth: Henceforth be earls, the first that ever ScotlandIn such an honour named. Whats more to do,Which would be planted newly with the time,As calling home our exiled friends abroadThat fled the snares of watchful tyranny;Producing forth the cruel ministersOf this dead butcher and his fiend-like queen,Who, as tis thought, by self and violent handsTook off her life; this, and what needful elseThat calls upon us, by the grace of Grace,We will perform in measure, time and place:So, thanks to all at once and to each one,Whom we invite to see us crownd at Scone.(Act 5, Scene 8) From Hamlet: O that this too too solid flesh would melt,Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew!Or that the Everlasting had not fix’dHis canon ’gainst self-slaughter! O God! O God!(Act 1, Scene 2) From Twelfth Night: If music be the food of love, play on;Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting,The appetite may sicken, and so die.That strain again! it had a dying fall:O, it came oer my ear like the sweet sound,That breathes upon a bank of violets,Stealing and giving odour! Enough; no more:Tis not so sweet now as it was before.O spirit of love! how quick and fresh art thou,That, notwithstanding thy capacityReceiveth as the sea, nought enters there,Of what validity and pitch soeer,But falls into abatement and low price,Even in a minute: so full of shapes is fancyThat it alone is high fantastical.(Act 1, Scene 1)

10 Demographic Names and Expressions

10 Demographic Names and Expressions 10 Demographic Names and Expressions 10 Demographic Names and Expressions By Mark Nichol In researching various words used to describe the common people, I came across a scattering of other demographic denominations, including a couple (bobo and clerisy) I hadn’t known before. Like the previous list, this collection, which ranges in nature from sociological designations to synonyms for the learned to slang (and which is annotated with notes about each term’s connotation), may also help enrich your vocabulary: 1. Bobo: Someone with conflicting bourgeois and bohemian tastes; the word is a partial abbreviation of those two descriptors. The offspring (or modern equivalent) of yuppies, bobos favor liberal and progressive causes but are also conspicuous consumers thought of as having bad taste and banal interests. Pejorative. 2. Boomer: A person born during the post-World War II baby boom (roughly 1946-1964), a period in which, due in part to postwar prosperity, the US birthrate increased dramatically. The connotation is of a sociopolitically influential demographic growing up during a period of rapid and volatile social change. It also implies, at this point, a significant proportion of the US population becoming elderly and, because of boomers’ concerns and values, having a dramatic impact on issues of employment, retirement and retirement benefits, and health and welfare. Neutral. 3. Clerisy: Intellectuals as a class. From the German word Klerisei (â€Å"clergy†), derived from the Latin term clericus (â€Å"cleric†); at one time, literate people were for the most part confined to the clergy. Neutral, but obscure. 4. Demimonde: Originally, mistresses and prostitutes as a class, whose only attachment to respectable society is their benefactors and clients; the term, French for â€Å"half-world,† now has a broader sense of a social group segregated from society as a whole. Euphemism. 5. Hipster: An affectedly unaffected person, characterized by a self-conscious appearance and ostentatious about following cutting-edge social and technological trends. Derogatory. 6. Homeboy: A close friend, or a fellow gang member; originally applied to someone from one’s hometown. The term and its diminutive, variably spelled homey and homie, derived from usage by black and Latino twentieth-century urban migrants who associated with others who had come from the same city or town. Generally neutral, but also can be negative, because of racial associations. 7. Intelligentsia: Intellectuals as an elite subculture. From the Russian intelligentsiya, based on the Latin word for â€Å"intelligent.† Neutral, but dated. 8. Literati: Intellectuals, or those interested in the arts. The word, with a slight spelling change, is directly from Latin. Neutral. 9. Philistine: A materialistic, anti-intellectual person. The name (generally styled lowercased) stems from that of a tribe referred to in the Bible as being hostile to the Israelites, and therefore, by extension, inimical to culture. Derogatory, but also usually somewhat facetious. 10. Yuppie: A materialistic, social-climbing white-collar worker, socially liberal but economically conservative. This term, a diminutive of the acronym for â€Å"young, urban professional,† originated in the economic boom of the 1980s but faded with the downturn of financial fortunes later in the decade, though the stereotype, and those who inspired it, are still extant. Pejorative. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should KnowPeace of Mind and A Piece of One's Mind50 Words with Alternative Spellings

Five structural differences between the farmhouse in Tales from the Assignment

Five structural differences between the farmhouse in Tales from the Green Valley and the medieval cruk house - Assignment Example The Tipi in both accounts is a conical shape; however, several material differences prevail. The animal skin and wooden poles in Green Valley presents a much difference from medieval Cruck, which takes a more nomadic pastoralist perspective. The skills, tools and technology used in both explorations presents a structural replication in thatching. The primitive dwelling pit house in Green valley has a grass roof meant to protect belonging from any environmental harm. The extreme weather in the medieval period; however, brings into light a series of materials such as wood and sticks that represent cultural beliefs. The dazzling social appearance of igloo in the contemporary world presents digital imagination. Nevertheless, in Green Valley igloo and earth lodges only shape presents a notable difference. Apparently, both have the same materials to put up the structure. Arguably, both accounts have the best proclamation of past construction features. Most importantly, the tales can form a primary step to counter faulty digital discoveries (Suggett

Human resource Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Human resource - Assignment Example Etihad Airlines is one of those airlines, which have been spending heavily and generously on the training and development of their employees, something that creates short term and long-term benefits for the company by improving the performance and productivity of its employees (Werner et al., 2011, p. 30). This paper is an attempt to explore and analyse the training and development activities taking place at Etihad Airways and the degree to which they have a correlation with the overall learning and performance. Discussion Similar to the training and orientation programs of many of the MNCs, Etihad Airways has a comprehensive rotational program for its new trainees who spent almost 18 months in nine different departments of Etihad, in an attempt to explore their real talent and capacity and also to learn as much as possible from the veterans of different departments (Saks & Haccoun, 2011, p. 74). With the vision of creating leaders for tomorrow, in the spring of 2012, Etihad Airways signed an agreement with the International Air Transport Association’s Training and Institute development to train its employees according to the international standards. More importantly, with the collaboration of Harvard University, many of the senior and middle level managers of Etihad Airways would be receiving training to brush up their leadership and management skills (International Air Transport Association, 2012). In an effort to make its training initiatives more comprehensive, in the fall of the year 2009, Etihad Airways signed a memorandum of understanding with the Institute of Applied Technology in Dubai. This MoU would mean that, in the coming years, IAT and Etihad would work together to satisfy the on the job training needs of its professionals and more importantly, it would be responsible to teach, groom and nurture young students and professionals according to the strategic needs of Etihad. This initiative does not only open employment opportunities for Emirat i students but as well as graduates from other parts of the world. These graduates would have received education of such calibre and level that they would possess valuable skills, which would allow them to exert strong bargaining power in the entire aviation industry. Nevertheless, the contracts that they would have signed with Etihad would allow the organisation to keep them employed during the start of their careers (Etihad Airways, 2009). There are strong theoretical and empirical reasons to believe that the efforts of Etihad’s management towards ensuring the training and development of their employees are actually converting into higher performance and employee satisfaction. Experts agree that human resource management is not only about hiring the best people and giving them the best possible benefits and perks but it also about giving them the tools, techniques, knowledge and information to do the job according to the expectations and demands of the organisation. This is where training and development of employees plays a crucial role (Mathis & Jackson, 2008, p. 35; Laird et al., 2003, p. 10). When the employees of Etihad go through the various training programs, they are not only learning how to do their jobs but more importantly, they are learning how to do their jobs in Etihad’s way. This training allows them to learn the organisational culture and truly become a part of Etihad

Cuban Revolution Essay Example for Free

Cuban Revolution Essay The most transformative event for Latin America would have to be the Cuban Revolution. It all began when when Sergeant Fulgencio Batista seized power during a election. Batista had been president from 1940-1944 and ran for president in 1952. When it became apparent that he would lose, he took power before the elections and cancelled them. The people in Cuba were disgusted with his power grab, which left them preferring Cuba’s democracy. Fidel Castro being a rising political maker, decided to plot against Batista. On the July 26, 1953, Castro made his move. In order to suceed, he needed weapons, therefore he chose to attack the Moncada Barracks. He had 138 men attacked the compound at dawn: it was hoped that the element of surprise would make up for the rebels’ lack of numbers and arms. The attack was a fiasco almost from the start and the rebels were routed after a firefight that lasted a few hours. Many were captured. Fidel and his younger brother escaped, but were captured later. But Fidel being an attorney, was able to turn the tables on Batista by making the trial about the power grab. Basically, his argument was that as a loyal Cuban, he had taken up arms against the dictatorship because it was his civic duty. He made long speeches and the government tried to shut him up. He was sentenced to fifteen years in prison. But somehow manage to become a nationally recognized figure and a hero to many poor Cubans. Even other rebel groups took up the fight as well. They stood behind Castro, giving Batista no choice but to leave. He and his inner circle, took what loot they could gather up and fled. Batista authorized some of his subordinates to deal with Castro and the rebels. The people of Cuba took to the streets, joyfully greeting the rebels. Little did the people now that Castro was a communist and that change was going to happen. The revolution in Cuba was a disaster, especially for the Cuban people. There was no free thought or artistic freedom. Anyone who dissented against Castro was jailed, tortured, and sometimes murdered. The Cuban people also lost their economic freedom and any chance of upward mobility. Their socialist economy has produced a scarcity of even the basic necessities of life. Most countries in the world trade with Cuba, but they still live in overty unimagined in the U. S. All classes lost, except for the ruling communists. Under Batista, who was no angel as well, Cubans never took the drastic steps to escape their homeland that are now common. After the revolution countless Cubans risked everything, including their lives, by taking to the sea in rickety boats in a desperate attempt to reach the U. S. The Cuban revolution is on going. It depends on which side you support or your politics that will sway your opinion. Nevertheless, Cuba will return to a U. S. like democracy as soon as the dollars flow in. It has been known that Cuba would become more democratic and more free. However, corruption in Cubas socialist government was minimal, and was zero when compared with the corruption of U. S. supported governments in Cuba. Now compare the Revolution of Mexico to Cubas. Mexico developed a sense of identity and purpose. They also established guidelines for future Mexican policies and Leaders. Porfirio Diaz was the leader of an undemcratic Mexico that was an alliance of the military, foreign interests, wealthy farm owners, and the Catholic Church. Actually, the governments that followed promised a republic, but did not deliver. Later on Emiliano Zapata, became the symbol of land reform and proud ideological purity, has become an international icon for just rebellion against a corrupt system. Though he was later on murdered, he is forever remembered as a hero. The effects of both these revolutions brought changes to their countries. In some matter the change was not good, like in Cuba. It still is the same, being said that it’s a communist country. Mexico in the other hand became more democratic, therefore the people have a little more say I what they want.

do children owe their parents? :: essays research papers

There is a question that I have been thinking of: â€Å"Do I owe something to my mom and dad†? – Who knows†¦ Sometimes we might think that we owe them a lot, but then other times we might think â€Å"Why should I do something for them? I have my own life. I have lots of to do without taking care of my folks†. But then again, how can I leave them in trouble when they are the same bloods? I look like them and most importantly I love them. It depends on the relationship between parents and kids when deciding if we owe them something or not. Children who felt loved, had lots of attention from a mother and father growing up will try to treat them the same way, instinctively paying back good for good. In families without strong connections, kids will very simply forget about their parent’s existence. They may believe that no one asked their parents to have them. No one asked them if they wanted to be born they had no choice. Two adults wanted to have kids and they had them. It was their choice to be responsible and raise the next generation. Then if look at the nature, you would not find creatures who would do something to support their parents after they grew up. We are just one of many creatures in this universe. Why it should be different for us? Humans are most developed creatures on the earth with feelings, lots of knowledge, procreating their kind, taking care of each other. So isn’t it most important to look after the people who are close to you? And only then look after the others? Why do we forget that sometimes?.. Parents are the first people who deserve your attention. Through the years they put so much effort and passion the way they can, to protect us from bad. We know that mom and dad will be next to us even if we get in trouble or lose everything. They still will be the ones to help us as much as they can. They will find space in their home for us to stay. For this reason we should be so thankful to them and pay for it in advance. However there are big differences between cultures and countries. For example in my country, Lithuania, parents are taking care on their kids until â€Å"babies† can really support themselves.

Anthropology Essays – The Origin of Medicine

The Origin of MedicineAncient Egyptian Medicine CAIRO, APRIL 2008: Ancient Egyptian civilisation has contributed important developments to all sorts of human cognition, and medical specialty is non an exclusion. Ancient Egyptians used to name a physician a â€Å"physician† mentioning to an active, a professional and a wise individual. A doctor was able to cover with what might go on during day-to-day pattern every bit aptly as a countryside general practician would make today. The physician’s occupation was non merely to go to ill people and to urge a intervention but besides a doctor would fix and distribute medicine. The doctor was normally a priest and possibly with good cognition of other humanistic disciplines. Ancient Egyptians were the first known people to hold had a elaborate survey of medical specialty and to go forth written records to depict the healing patterns. The oldest Egyptian medical texts day of the month back about to 2000 B.C. These texts were moderately free of the magician attack to handle unwellness. The earliest known doctor in history was Hesyre, who was the â€Å"Chief tooth doctor and Physician† of King Djoser in the twenty-seventh Century BC. The earliest known female doctor was besides an Egyptian. Peseshet practiced medical specialty during the period of the 4th dynasty ( 2600 B.C ) . Her rubric was â€Å"Lady Overseer of the Lady Physicians† . Equally good as practising medical specialty, Peseshet had a supervisory place and graduated many accoucheuses at the ancient medical school in Sais ( Sa el-Hagar today ) . Concept of the human organic structure: Ancient Egyptians tried to apologize and understand the physiology of the human organic structure. Given how of import River Nile was for life, Ancient Egyptians would say similitude to the flow of the mighty river and to how it irrigated the Fieldss. They assumed the human organic structure, by analogy, had channels that flowed with blood, breathed air and H2O. Peoples would fall ill if a obstruction to these channels happened. For illustration, they believed that bad nutrient would bring forth gases, which in bend would barricade these channels. They, hence, assumed that most of the diseases were because of improperly digested nutrient. Impressions of physiology and disease focused on the bosom as the centre of the homo. The bosom was one’s spouse ; it spoke to a individual in his or her purdah. It was at the same clip the engine of all the bodily work, non merely circulation. From the bosom, continued channels ( Metu ) linked all parts of the organic structure together. Metu did non mention merely to blood vass, but besides to the respiratory tubing, canals of assorted secretory organs, spermous canal, the musculuss, sinews and ligaments. The Goddess of medical specialty ( Sekhmet ) : Sekhmet was originally the warrior Goddess of Upper Egypt. Ancient Egyptians figured her as a lioness, the fiercest huntsman known to them. They believed that her pant created the waterless part beyond the Nile Bankss, and considered Sekhmet the defender of all Pharaohs. The name Sekhmet became synonymous to the Goddess of Medicine during the Middle Kingdom. Therefore, doctors, tooth doctors and veterinary practicians were the â€Å"Priests of Sekhmet† . The caput of lioness symbolized power and the supreme divinity of mending. The priests of Sekhmet were the specializers in medical specialty and surgery. Medical preparation: Students learned the medical profession at schools called the â€Å"Houses of Life† . The coachs had given them some applied experience, but chiefly the pupils had to larn from the written papyri full of cognition and experience. The medical texts were non merely a font of professional cognition but besides a precaution against possible failure. Classs of Ancient Egyptian Physicians: The societal category of Egyptian Physicians existed since the yearss of the Old Kingdom. Medical specialisation besides existed. Writing of travels to Egypt, Herodotus ( 484-425 BC ) noted, â€Å"The pattern of medical specialty based on a program of separation. Each specializer doctor treated a individual upset and non more. Therefore, Egypt was full of medical practicians, some project to bring around diseases of the oculus, others of the caput and others of the bowels. Specialist doctors did non needfully settle in the small towns and towns they practiced the art of healing† ( Herodotus: The Iranian Wars. P. 155 ) . Many doctors were priests and some were Scribes as shown in rubrics like â€Å"Chief doctor and Scribe of the word of God† . Physician ranks were an ordinary doctor ( like a general practician of today ) , a senior doctor, an inspector, an superintendent and a â€Å"Master† of medical specialty. The Chief Physicians of the South and North were like curates of wellness. Royal and castle doctors had particular ranks and rubrics. A practicing doctor had to larn the scientific discipline of drug readying and medicative workss. Ancient Egyptians held handling doctors in so much high esteem that they raised Imhotep ( the great doctor, 2700 BC ) after decease to a sacred position of the God of Medicine. Ancient Egyptian remedies: Because of old impressions of physiology and disease, laxatives had a important topographic point in Egyptian remedies. Ingredients included fresh algarroba bean, Castor oil and colocynth. Bulk laxatives of bran, figs and fresh fruits were besides in usage. Doctors used Ca carbonate and figs as alkalizers. They besides used soured milk and honey to assist digestion. They mixed aggressive cathartics with â€Å"anticholinergics† such as Hyoscyamus ( atropine ) or carminatives as Cuminum cyminum, Chinese parsley and batch. Carob ( pulverization tasted like cocoa made from cods of a certain tree ) and gypsum ( calcium sulphate pulverization ) were effectual antidiarrheal remedies. Egyptian doctors treated bosom conditions non as efficient, because the Egyptian doctors had trouble separating bosom and tummy symptoms. They recommended aloe, mustard, willow, Hyoscyamus and Punica granatum ( incorporating glycosides or utile vasodilatives ) . Diuretic drugs included Apium graveolens dulce, beer, algarroba bean and powdery day of the months. Analgesics were few and restricted to carminatives or spasmolytics. Ancient doctors used effectual febrifuges as salt, alum and willow. However, no grounds exists to the usage of narcotics or other depressants until the Roman period ( 30 BC ) . Treatment of musculoskeletal upset was topical with warm patchs, cataplasms or rubefacients ( medical specialties to blush and warm the tegument, known today as counter- thorns ) like mustard, gum terpentine, retem and olibanum. The Egyptians used Apium graveolens dulce for painful articulations ( it is still in usage today as antirheumatic drug ) . They used Crocus sativus to handle backache. Doctors and accoucheuses used gynaecological medicines to excite labour, command construct or infection. They used common wormwood ( a bitter gustatory sensation works ) for catamenial upsets and diaphragms of crocodile droppings to function as preventive ( the sourness is spermicidal ) . They recommended interpolation of juniper oil to excite labour ( now known to increase uterine contraction and launch labour ) . Ancient Egyptians have known parasitic infestations ; nevertheless, they did non acknowledge that bilharzia ( Bilharzias ) caused the haematuria ( blood in piss ) they described. Antihelminthic dugs based on Punica granatum, common wormwood, thyme and Sb, followed by a cathartic, controlled unit of ammunition worms and cestodes infestations. Antiseptics and disinfectants were effectual. Egyptian doctors used phenols as thyme ( basil ) and bitumen ; intoxicants were beer and fermented grapes juice. They besides used minerals as Zn, Sb and Cu as styptics assorted in a medium for even distribution. For cough, they recommended mixtures of honey, acacia and Sb with aromatic inspiration. Egyptian doctors used ammi visnaga ( incorporating a bronchodilator khellin ) to handle asthma. Egyptian doctors treated oculus infections with antiseptic of Cu and honey, placed on the palpebras or in the oculus. They used acacia, algarroba bean and milk as demulcents for ophthalmic remedies. Skin demulcents as acacia gum and works mucilage were popular. Doctors used Balanites oil, Castor oil and goose fat to command skin infections. They mixed these ingredients with salt, malachite or ochre and used the mixture for patchs. Ladanum treated dandruff. For phalacrosis, they used fats, oils and, symbolically, porcupine quills. For Burnss, they applied an antibacterial mixture of gum terpentine, Cu, oils and honey. To advance healing, they used Aloe vera. Pharmacy in Ancient Egypt: Pharmacy did non be as an independent profession in Ancient Egypt, but a compelling grounds exists of the Egyptians had professional protocols and criterions. The based the interventions conceptually, restricted by limited cognition of physiology. The footing of most medical specialties was herbs and veggies. Doctors used drugs in the signifier of pills, unctions and beads. They besides used dressings and deodorant readyings. Ancient Egyptian doctors did non hold a formulary ( book of standard drugs ) . Alternatively, the medical papyri fulfilled the undertaking of a formulary. Medicines were proper and effectual that BPC ( British Pharmacopeia ) 1911 included 25 per centum of the available drug substances stemmed from Ancient Egyptian medicines. Recommendation of a remedy, readying and dose pointed to awareness of possible benefits and dangers, without grounds of available formal respect to toxicity or contraindication to the medicines used. An Egyptian doctor could merely divert from a given intervention after four yearss, proposing singular protocol criterions. The statement that placebo of Ancient Egyptian medicine was greater than the curative value appears untrue. What we grasp from Ancient Egyptian history marks a society aware of the demand for health care and intervention. Doctors used a diverse scope of works, animate being and mineral ingredients to this terminal. It is true that faith influenced Ancient Egyptians day-to-day life and so had to be intrinsic to medical pattern, yet as written in the medical papyri, documented rational intervention predominated that supported by supplications. Some remedies from celebrated veggies and herbs:Garlic: Believed to give verve, sooth flatulency and aid digestion. Egyptian doctors used garlic as a mild laxative and shrivel haemorrhoids ( hemorrhoids ) . During constructing the pyramids, supervisors delivered garlic daily to workers to give them verve and strength needed to transport on and execute good.Onion: Doctors used onions to forestall colds, conveying about sweat, sooth sciatica and as a diuretic. Priests did non hold onions as neither nutrient nor medical specialty.Cumin: It is widely available in Egypt ; doctors used it to increase the enteric gesture and to handle flatulency. Doctors who were handling joint achings assorted Cuminum cyminum with wheat flour, Chinese parsley and H2O to use as a cataplasm on the hurting articulation.Parsley and benne: Doctors used any as a good water pill.Mustard: The utilizations of mustard were to arouse purging and to alleviate thorax achings.Coriander: The utilizations of Chinese parsl ey were many. It helped with loss of appetency, absent menses ( non because of gestation ) , a laxative and aphrodisiac. Ancient Egyptians believed that Chinese parsley has antifungal belongingss and deters insects. This is the cause of happening in Tutankhamen’s Tomb.The oldest medical text editions: The Ancient Egyptians recorded the medical information we are cognizant of in 12 papyri written in priestly book. They show the comparative edification of medical specialty in Ancient Egypt, consistence of pattern and length of service of remedies. The most of import papyri from the point of view of the elaborate description of unwellnesss and intervention are: The Ebers Medical Papyrus: This papyrus is 23 pages long and is largely an internal medical specialty mention. It includes anatomical and physiological mentions every bit good. It describes 876 formulas and 400 different drugs. The Ebers Papyrus consists of a list of recommendations for nutriments such as lesions, tummy ailments, gynaecological jobs and skin annoyances. The Scribe calculated the sums of ingredients for a medical specialty harmonizing to fractions based on parts of Horus oculus. Until today, the RX symbol on each prescription refers to the Eye of Horus. For some unknown ground the Scribe who wrote it did non complete the papyrus, and ended in midsentence. The Edwin Smith Medical Papyrus: This papyrus is, possibly, the work of a physician associated with a pyramid-building work force. This five metres papyrus trades chiefly with jobs such as broken castanetss, disruptions and oppressing. The doctor divided the 48 instances documented into classs: â€Å" An complaint which I will handle † , â€Å" An complaint with which I will postulate † and â€Å" An complaint non to handle † . It described symptoms of each of the documented instances, urging possible remedies. The Physician who wrote the papyrus was cognizant of blood circulation throughout the organic structure. The Scribe clearly recognized that patient’s pulsation reflects the status of the bosom. This papyrus includes a huge experience in bone hurts that can happen merely during edifice of the pyramids. Similar to Edwin Smith papyrus, few paragraphs had rubrics. However, all paragraphs included the phrase: â€Å" If you examine a patient with a†¦ , † a feature, which marks how close it is to the Edwin Smith Papyrus. This suggests that antediluvian Egyptian doctors recognized that scrutiny is indispensable to place the unwellness. Yet, the Scribe in both papyri did non advert the chances of the diseases. The Kahun medical papyrus1900 BC The oldest yet discovered, dating from the epoch of Amenemhat II. The Kahun Medical Papyrus describes methods of naming gestation and the sex of the unborn. It besides describes odontalgia during gestation, diseases and assorted complaints of females, and concerned with the uterus and finding of birthrate. The gynaecological text lies in 34 paragraphs, of which the first 17 have a common format. They start with a rubric followed by a brief description of the symptoms, normally, of a job of the generative variety meats. The 2nd subdivision begins on the 3rd page, and includes eight paragraphs, which, because of both the province of the bing transcript and the linguistic communication, are about unintelligible. The 3rd subdivision ( paragraphs 26-32 ) dealt with the proving for gestation. The 4th and concluding subdivision contains two paragraphs, which do non fall into any of the old classs. The first describes intervention for odontalgias during gestation. The 2nd describes what soun ds like a fistulous withers of the vesica to the vagina with incontinency of urine † . It besides described methods of contraceptive method. It described prescriptions for urinary, venters and kidney jobs, hurting limbs and achings in the sockets of the eyes. Did Ancient Egyptians recognize forensic medical specialty? Ancient Egyptians used to analyze organic structures of the dead to understand the cause of decease. This should non look unusual for such people traditionally familiar, as they were, to careful chase of cognition. Harmonizing to the American historiographer James H. Breasted ( an authorization on ancient Egyptian history-University of Chicago, 1930 ) , portion of the accomplishment of the ancient Egyptian sawboness was because of what they learned from analyzing the dead organic structures. Surgeons treated clean lesions were by sewing and adhesive patchs. They treated other lesions by acquiring the borders near on the first twenty-four hours, and afterwards handling them with honey and acerb herbs. Egyptian sawbones performed amputations and even more made prosthetic device. The influence of Ancient Egyptian Medicine on the remainder of the universe: The Ancient Egyptians were the first people in the universe to hold based cognition on careful and sharp observations, every bit good as test and mistake. By careful observation, early doctors began mending patterns that they have taught to many. They had a medical pattern that developed over three thousand old ages and gave much toward progressing medical scientific discipline worldwide. Egyptian doctors were celebrated in the Ancient World. Ramses II had sent doctors to the male monarch of Hatti and the Iranian male monarch Achaemenids. Greeks gained medical traditions and footing of cognition from the medical schools of Egypt ( Hamilton: The History of Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy. P. 35 ) . Therefore, Egyptian theories and patterns influenced the Greeks, who educated many of the doctors in the Roman Empire, who in bend influenced Arab and European medical thought for centuries to come. One can clearly detect the bequest of Egyptian medical specialty in few basicss of the Grecian strategy ( Breasted 1930 ) . Grecian medical specialty developed during the 6th to seventh centuries B.C. The first Grecian doctor learned the art at Alexandria during the Ptolemaic period ( 305-330 B.C. ) . The Egyptian thought of decay [wekhedu] may hold resurfaced in the [perittoma] ( infective digestive residues ) of the Alexandrine Greeks. Other characteristics adopted by the Greeks from the Egyptians included several medicative workss, how to compose drug prescriptions, the pattern of prenatal and gynaecological fumigations, and the mending value of temple slumber.

Male Characters as Less Heroic than the Female Characters of “Generals Die in Bed” Essay

Good stories oftentimes have well-written heroic characters. That is because the hero functions as the character with whom the readers relate to. The significant role of the hero is that he is the one who communicates the experience within the narrative. But what if the central characters of a good story are lacking essential heroic traits? Instead the central characters exemplify unheroic attributes such as cowardice. It would be understandable if the readers would scour the pages of a good story for characters to look up to. This is the subtle effect in Charles Yale Harrison’s â€Å"Generals Die in Bed. † Arguably, the women characters in the novel had acted more heroic than the male characters. But before we traverse further in this discussion, it would be essential to first have a definition of the word â€Å"heroism. † The word carries along a mythological connotation. The first ideas would be of brave men overcoming great obstacles and challenges. The word is often attributed to soldiers, knights, kings, etc. But if treated with a contemporary approach, the word pertains to acts of selflessness geared towards others. In today’s world, we do not have to slay a dragon to be heroes, we just have to be of any help to the people around us. What had lead to the argument that the women were more heroic was the cowardice of the men. The juxtaposition of the level of heroism of men and women had set latter as the more admirable and the former as cowards. If the tone and language of the male characters would be reviewed, especially the narrator’s, it is evident that their mindset are comprised of a mixture of fear and naiveness. The narrator is seemingly a little enthusiastic about going to war. Of course he was afraid, but the fear they experienced in the trenches would be amplified exponentially. The narrator describes what they experienced as hypnotic terror (Harrison 163). The characters of the novel had entered the war as civilians who held up to morals and values. But as they were becoming accustomed to the life at the trenches, they had developed cowardliness. There was even an account wherein they had become afraid to light the candles because they might be spotted by snipers (69). The characters appeared to be less heroic as the war progressed. The narrator even seemed to be relieved when he delivered the last line of the novel â€Å"I am carried up the gangplank. † (170) War songs are usually cheery to raise the morale of soldiers and alleviate â€Å"shell shock. † But in the novel, the songs that the soldier sung expresses fear of what the war has to offer â€Å"I’m too young to die, I want to go home† (15). In addition, most of the soldiers would go to battle in a drunken state. Perhaps it is to some kind of coping mechanism for the stress and distress due to the war. Should we ever consider bloodlust as a heroic trait? There are many recounts of killings interspersed all over the novel. There was an instance wherein the narrator was telling Gladys in a lively fashion that he had committed murder (95). Then when he observed that Gladys was becoming offended and afraid of his story, he laughed and said that the killing took place in the trench. In the narrator’s standpoint, it was as if the murder that he had committed was something easily acceptable and forgivable. It was as if an enemy’s life does not count as life of another human being, but a life of some animal whose destiny is to be brutally slaughtered. The narrator described how he and his comrades had become â€Å"snarling, savage beast† during their brutal encounter with the enemy troop. The male characters in the novel had shown degrading kindness towards humanity. Since it was the males that were sent in the battlefield and develop this dehumanizing kind of mindset, it is the females who are left at home devoid of these ill thoughts. In the light of the novel’s context, a shining example of heroism by the females would be of the nurses. The nurses during times of war had shown outstanding bravery that could be compared to the bravery of men in the frontline. They are the ones who risk their lives in war stricken areas, but instead of killing people, they risk their lives saving the injured. The novel had painted a vivid picture of war with horrific realism, â€Å"severely injured, one of Broadbent’s legs is hanging by one strand of flesh† (147). These are the horrors that the nurses had to battle during the times of war. Furthermore, setting aside the risk of being hit by a stray bullet or being bombarded, the nurses faces the risk of infection and catching deadly diseases. This is an excellent example of heroism because of the risks involve and the nurses motivation of helping those who are in need. An injured soldiers who were healed and taken cared off by nurses should consider the nurses as their heroes. As opposed to the seemingly passive character of the protagonist, one of the most colorful of all the characters is Gladys. For those who had the chance to read the novel, she is easily remembered as to one of the few women who have a proper name in the ensemble of characters. Moreover, she was a â€Å"courtesan† or a prostitute with whom the protagonist had spent a great deal of his time. In effect, Gladys had a significant effect on the protagonist’s worldview. It should be pointed out that being a â€Å"courtesan† or a prostitute is one of the world’s oldest known profession. It would be troublesome to argue that being a prostitute is heroic. However, if we were to discuss selfless acts, nothing could be selfless than selling oneself to provide for one’s family. Just like other companions of soldiers, be them wives, girlfriends, mothers, etc. , they all serve as inspiration for the soldier. It is no secret that women have an inexplicable capability of raising the morale of soldiers. And of course, of all the women exemplifying admirable heroism during the war, it would be the mothers on top of the list. Mothers are directly affected of the war because everyday they battle horrific thoughts of their husbands and sons getting killed in the battlefield, of never seeing them alive ever again. If we would be talking about obstacles and challenges, those thoughts could be hardest ordeals one has to face. Admirably, mothers of war participants overcome those thoughts and still be able to tend to the needs of their children. There is an instance in the novel wherein the narrator and his comrades were wounded and in need of a place to stay. They managed to find a war-torn village where an old woman, a mother, was residing. The hospitable old women provided them with food and a place to stay. She even treated the wounds of the soldiers. The nurturing that only mothers are capable is undeniably heroic. Conclusion The author has described the horrifying experience in the trenches, thanks to his first hand experience of the war. Fear is very evident in the male characters and that fear is communicated to the reader. The absence of characters with whom the reader could view as heroic lead to the conclusion that women were more heroic. Women in the novel were generally described as agreeable. The most negative of all could just be Gladys’ job as a prostitute. Other than that, women were the ones whom the soldiers run to when they need help. The women were willing to help the soldiers even though they are not required to do so. Soldiers will always be of course the heroes in the eyes of the public, of the spectators of the war. But for those who truly take part in the war, not the generals who die in their beds, the heroic acts of women during the war are indispensable. Soldiers are not out there in battlefield to save lives, their duty is to kill the opposition. Fortunately, humans are blessed to be categorized under two very different yet complementing sex, man and woman. The former being able to destroy and the latter endowed with the gift to nurture. Women should be commended in performing their different roles in the war. Arguably, they are more admirable in this context because they fight the war without having to carry the instruments of war like guns, etc. The real heroes of war should not just be judged by the number of people they kill, it should also be by the number of the lives they save. In this novel, we see that many acts of heroism are overlooked. Work Cited Harrison, Charles Yale. Generals Die in Bed. Ontario: Firefly Books Ltd, 2007

New Modern Architecture essays

New Modern Architecture essays Architecture will never achieve some perfect state where everyone accepts that the one best form has now been achieved. The reason for this is that what is considered best changes as people change. This aspect applies to architecture as much as it does to any other art form or any item produced in society. People in one generation may strive for a certain perfect form and they may even achieve it in their lifetime. However, even if they do, this form does not become the one perfect standard, never changing again. Instead, the next generation considers what has been created before and strives to achieve something. If architecture is considered as art, this is the same process that occurs with all other forms of art. For example, literature created centuries ago does not remain as the one perfect form for literature. Shakespeare's work is still considered great, but the writers of today rarely create works similar to Shakespeare's. Instead, they create works that reflect modern society, while possibly taking aspects of Shakespeare's work and building on them. This creates a continual process of change, where one form grows into others. If architecture is considered as practical rather than artistic, it can be likened more to research-based developments. For example, the automobile was first developed in the early 20th century. Since that time, technical developments have seen it change considerably. These changes are also in response to changing society. For example, currently environmental issues are a social concern. For this reason, automobiles are beginning to develop with alternatives modes of fuel. Overall, this shows that architecture is like everything else in society, in that it will be constantly changing as society changes, while each generation will consider the works that have gone before it, assess them, make changes, and in doing so, continue the devel...

Profile of Christine Falling

Profile of Christine Falling Christine Falling was a 17-year-old babysitter when she murdered five babies and an elderly man. She was one of the youngest female serial killers in U.S. history. Childhood Years Christine Falling was born on March 12, 1963, in Perry, Florida to Ann, age 16 and Thomas Slaughter, age 65. Christine was Anns second child. Her sister Carol was born a year and a half earlier. From the beginning, life for Christine was challenging. Her mother Ann would often leave for months at a time. When Ann would return home, it seemed to her young daughters that she always came back pregnant. Over the following two years, after Christine was born, Ann had two more children, boys Michael and Earl. Of all the children, Thomas claimed only Earl as his biological child. The Slaughters were very poor, as were many living in Perry at the time. During Anns absence, Thomas cared for the children by bringing them out to the woods where he worked. But when he was in a work-related accident, Ann was forced to rejoin the family. After that the children were often shuffled around to family members until, according to Carol, Ann completely abandoned them, leaving them on a bench at a Perry shopping center. Jesse and Dolly Falling Dolly Falling wanted to be a mother  but was unable to have children. Her husband Jesse was related to the Slaughter children and they decided to adopt Carol and Christine. Life for the two girls at the Fallings home was unstable. Christine was epileptic and suffered from seizures. She also had severe learning and developmental problems. Physically she was unattractive, obese, and had an odd vacant look in her eyes. At an early age, Christine demonstrated personality traits that were worrisome. She would have severe fits of anger and displayed antisocial behavior. For example, she developed a fascination with torturing cats. She would strangle them and then drop them from up high to see if they really had nine lives. She learned immediately that they did not, yet that did not end her experiments. Both Carol and Christine became rebellious and unruly as they got older. However, according to author Madeline Blais in her book The Heart Is an Instrument, the girls were also subjected to physical and sexual abuse by Jesse Falling, something the Fallings both denied. However, life at the Falling home was so dysfunctional that the church pastor interceded and the Fallings agreed to send the girls away. A Refuge The girls were sent to the Great Oaks Village in Orlando. This was a group foster home designed to help neglected and abused children. Christine later commented on how much she enjoyed her time there, although according to social workers, during her stay she was a thief, compulsive liar, and would often get in trouble just for the attention that it brought. It was also noted in the social workers records that Jesse Falling had been arrested twice for sexually abusing Carol. The first arrest ended in a hung jury and the second time Dolly Falling dropped the charges. After a year at the refuge, the girls were returned to the Fallings. This time there was no sexual abuse, but the physical abuse continued. The final episode happened in October 1975 when Jesse allegedly subjected Christine to a severe beating for being 10 minutes late. He also insisted that she wear shorts to school the following day so everyone could see the justice marks. The following day the girls ran away. Munchausen Syndrome After six weeks of living with Carols friend, Christine decided to go to Blountstown and live with Ann, her birth mother. She managed to do that for a while, and in September 1977, at the age of 14, she married a man (reportedly her stepbrother) who was in his twenties. The marriage was riddled with arguments and violence and it ended after just six weeks. After her marriage failed, Christine developed a compulsion for going to the hospital emergency room. Each time she would complain of different ailments that doctors could not diagnose. One time she went complaining of bleeding, which turned out to be her regular menstrual period. Another time she thought a snake bit her. Within two years, she went to the hospital over 50 times. It seemed that Christines need for attention, which the counselors at Great Oaks Village had noted, was transferred to getting attention at the hospital. At that point, she was possibly developing Munchausen syndrome, an infliction in which those affected seek the comfort from medical personnel for exaggerated or self-inflicted symptoms of illnesses. Munchausen syndrome is closely related to Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSbP/MSP), when they abuse another person, usually a child, to get attention or sympathy for themselves. Christine Finds Her Calling Christine Falling had few options when it came to earning a living. She was uneducated and her maturity level was that of a young child. She managed to make some money by babysitting for neighbors and family. In fact, it seemed to be her calling. Parents trusted her and she enjoyed being with the children, or so it appeared. Her Victims - The Children On February 25, 1980, Christine was babysitting two-year-old Cassidy Muffin Johnson, when according to Falling, the child became ill and fell out of her crib. She was diagnosed with encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and died three days later. According to the autopsy, her death was due to blunt trauma to the skull. One of the doctors did not agree with the childs diagnosis and found Fallings tear-stained story questionable. He noted his suspicions that the baby was physically harmed and did not die of natural causes. He suggested that the police should talk to Falling, but investigators took no further action. Soon after the incident, Falling moved to Lakeland, Florida. The next two children to die were cousins, four-year-old Jeffrey Davis and two-year-old Joseph Spring. While caring for Jeffrey, Falling told doctors that he had stopped breathing. The autopsy report listed myocarditis, which is usually a result of a viral infection and causes inflammation of the heart. Three days later Falling was babysitting Joseph while his parents attended Jeffreys funeral. Falling said Joseph failed to wake up from his nap. He was also found with a viral infection and the case was closed. Falling decided to return to Perry  and took a position in July 1981 as a housekeeper for 77-year-old William Swindle. Swindle died on the first day that Falling worked. He was found on his kitchen floor. It was assumed that he suffered a massive heart attack. Not long after Swindles death, Fallings stepsister took her eight-month-old daughter, Jennifer Daniels, for her vaccinations. Falling went along. On the way home, the stepsister ran into the store for diapers and when she returned to the car Falling told her that Jennifer had stopped breathing. The baby was dead. On July 2, 1982, Falling was taking care of 10-week-old Travis Cook who was just home from the hospital after a week prior Christine had noticed he was having a hard time breathing. This time, however, Travis did not make it. Christine said he just suddenly died. The doctors and nurses ignored the usual tears that poured from Falling as she explained what happened. The autopsy showed that the childs death was caused by suffocation. Fallings reign of terror had finally ended. Fallings Confession Falling eventually confessed to five murders. She was afraid of getting the death penalty and agreed to a plea deal. She told detectives that she killed her victims by smotheration and had learned how to do it by watching television. She boasted about putting her own spin on the technique by placing a blanket over the children faces. She also said that she heard voices telling her to kill the baby. In a taped confession, she described the events leading up to the smotheration of each child. According to Falling: Cassidy Johnson was smothered because she had gotten kind of rowdy or something. Jeffrey Davis made me mad or something. I was already mad that morning. I just took it out on him and just started choking him til he was dead. Joe Boy was napping when I dont know. I just got the urge and wanted to kill him. Her niece, Jennifer Daniels died because She was continually crying and crying and crying and it made me mad so I just put my hands around her neck and choked her til she shut up. Travis Coleman was sleeping when for no apparent reason she killed him. Guilty Plea On September 17, 1982, Christine Falling plead guilty to murder two children and received two concurrent life sentences. After a few years in prison, she admitted to strangling William Swindle. In 2006, Falling came up for parole and was denied. Her next parole hearing was set for September 2017.

The Differences and Similarities of the Different Asian American Research Paper

The Differences and Similarities of the Different Asian American Immigrant Experiences - Research Paper Example In chapter 3, we find that all servants who came into America still got discriminated against by the wealthy class of white people. During this time, Africans were being shipped as servants. Asian Americans have been here for over one hundred and fifty years, the Chinese arrived first but what happened to them influenced how the Japanese, Koreans, Filipinos, and Indians altogether were received. We observe that many of the immigrants received a hostile reception from the Native Americans and were treated as second rate citizens. 1882 saw the enacting of the Chinese Exclusion Act, which prohibited the entry of the newcomers on basis of their nationality. The Japanese likewise were not accepted in America. This they realized with a lot of pain when they were placed in internment camps during World War 11. Many of the Asian immigrants were received with some sort of discrimination in addition to laws and acts being enacted to prohibit certain countries immigrants from entering the USA w hich affected almost all the immigrant. There was competition between the white settlers and the Chinese which saw the enactment of Foreign Miner’s license Tax, where every foreigner not keen to become a citizen should pay three dollars on tax. Since Chinese could not become citizens, the enacting of the tax affected them entirely with act tax being followed by many others that were mainly intended to frustrate immigrants. Another similarity in experience is that at the beginning, Asia immigrants were welcomed because of the cheap labor they provided. For instance, the Chinese were welcomed in the building of the railroad. This clearly came to change later as their hardworking nature made them a threat. A worthy experience for all Asians was that of the Anti- Asian Laws which was mainly intended to frustrate the difference Asians immigrants. A notable difference is that of the Chinese and Japanese. Though the Japanese migrated in large numbers to Hawaii, their numbers in the mainland were insignificant as compared to Chinese, this thought changed as of 1902. Another difference in experience is actually the fact that the Japanese were able to economically empower themselves through agriculture something that the Chinese never had. Another difference is that with time the Japanese Exclusion Act was eliminated which was on the same line as that of the Chinese Exclusion Act. Another worthy difference to note is the fact that the Hawaii Japanese later were able to populate and stated their own family something the Chinese never did. The Indians too, though, they had lived for long in the United States, they too experienced hurdles from the United States government. They received harsh treatment coupled with the enactment of laws aimed at barring them from immigrating into the United States. They suffered from poverty realities too just like any other Natives Immigrant.  Ã‚  

Organisations analyse and strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organisations analyse and strategies - Essay Example m of politics based on â€Å"adaptive planning† to regulate the rapid and uneven change characterizing the current situation, which embodies an acceptance of pluralism and the surrender of power. (Hammond, 2003, p. 59) Now, what Hammond means here are two aspects of the same situation. By ‘acceptance of pluralism’ he means choice of multiple solutions and whenever there is more than one solution in any organisation, manager has to select one thereby rejecting the rest of them. This creates ‘conflicting situations’ which Hammond has referred to as ‘surrender of power’. This tension between the recognized need for pluralism and the desire for influence or control is absolutely critical to a consideration of the impact of systems thinking, and forms the basis for ‘soft’ approaches within the field. Soft Systems Approach is mostly used in information systems as an instantiation of information technology, where the same information technology can be instantiated in different ways. SSA usage is also highlighted in Management Information Systems, therefore, is that it involves not just information technology, but also its instantiation. There are the rich organisational and political processes whereby a given set of information technology is instantiated and there are the rich organisational and political processes pertaining to the continual managing, maintaining, and changing of the information technology so as to sustain the instantiation. In the same spirit, socio-technical systems theory also make use of SSA thereby making the claim that separate efforts to optimise the technical system alone and the social system alone will not only lead to a global suboptimum, but can even be unfeasible in the first place. Equally, the same information system can be a success in one organisation but a failure in another, while the same organisation can experience success with one information system but failure with another. Hence, on one hand SSA creates

Education and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Education and Development - Essay Example This paper stresses that UNESCO has also identified three dynamically interrelated factors involved in the relationship between education and development: â€Å"the economic benefits of education; the impact of education on population growth, health, and social well-being; and the relationship between education and democratic society† (UNESCO). These serve as three paths or channels in which education can boost economic development. Nigerian education is said to evolve into a number of stage and formed by quite a number of influences such as the colonial influence, the military rule, the impact of independence and a new constitution. Tgis essay makes a conclusion that many realize that the current development trend may not prove to be sustainable and as such public awareness, education and trainings are crucial in moving towards sustainability. As a deviation to the normal concept of development, sustainable development is deemed as one â€Å"that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs†. With this definition, it is realized that education is the key to sustainability. This crucial role of education to sustainable development is established through the necessity of two major issues in sustainable development: population and resource consumption. The UN believes that the two things that can jeopardize sustainable development namely over population and excessive use of resources can be remedied with education. (United Nations General Assembly). Female education is found to have a negative relationship with fertility rates. Specifically, the supply of children is determined by the level of education through four intervening variables: (1) age at marriage, (2) breast feeding (3) post-partum abstinence and (4) child mortality (Akmam). A study in South Asia revealed that women with education around two to five years later than uneducated women (John Cleland). With regard to child mortality, "high rates of child mortality reduce the supply of children, which in turn is likely to increase the demand for children" (Akmam). Since educated parents have higher rates of their child surviving, they do not see the need to have more children thus abating population increase (Akmam).

Human Factors In The Aviation Industry

Human Factors In The Aviation Industry Human factors is one of the most used terms in the aviation industry. It was quoted in the Civil Aviation Authority CAP 715 that aircraft accidents recorded from around the world brought the need to address human factors issues in this environment into sharp focus6. Human factor can be fairly described as a mistakes or error that is cause by a human behaviour. It is also the largest causal factor of accidents and so, it must be targeted for major safety efforts if an improved safety records is to be achieved. From human factor, the concept grew into a more in depth system that helps to improvise the aviation maintenance organization working condition and such a new system are; safety culture and safety management system are being implemented in to organization. Safety Management System Safety Management can be seen as a systematic implementation of Risk management in the planning, control and supervision in the process to ensure safe operations. In a publication by Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) on Safety Management Systems for Commercial Air Transport Operations, CAP-712 it defines Safety Management System as: Safety Management is defined as the systematic management of the risks associated with flight operations, related ground operations and aircraft engineering or maintenance activities to achieve high levels of safety performance. 5 A Safety Management System is an explicit element of the corporate management responsibility which sets out a companys safety policy and defines how it intends to manage safety as an integral part of its overall business. 5 In short, safety management system is the processes and arrangements set by an organization to manage the health and safety issues within an organization and through such a method of using a system to manage those important function in the organization; it can improve the performance of an organization and reduce the risks any accidents. In the aircraft maintenance industry, safety management plays an important role of maintaining the satisfactory work output. Failure in this will cause a list of chain effect that could possibly increase the chances of causing an aircraft accident. For this reason, the Civil Aviation Authorities publish manuals on regards to this matter and one of such is the CAP 712 which focuses specifically on the safety management of the aviation industry to minimize the chances any factors that causes risks. A typical Safety Management Systems found in aviation industry should be made up of 4 key components:7 Safety Policy and Objectives; 7 An organization should have a safety policy that outlines the methods and processes that they will use to achieve a positive result. It should declare the principles and philosophies that lay the foundation of the organizations safety culture and be communicated to all staff thorough the organization. Safety Risk Management; 7 Safety risk management process starts with identification of hazards affecting the aviation industry and by assessing the risk associated with the hazards in terms of its seriousness and similarity to previous cases. When the risks are identified, only then can we make the appropriate implementation of remedial actions to reduce the level of risk as low as possible. Safety Assurance; 7 Safety assurance assesses the safety performance of the organization and this will allow continuous improvement to the organization. Through monitoring, measurement and reviewing the safety of an organization, it is possible to create a safety assurance within the organization and allow a continuous improvement of the safety system. Safety Promotion. 7 Promoting safety in an organization by means of training and educating employees will rather increase their safety responsibilities. This is especially effective for operational staffs, managers, supervisors, senior managers and the accountable manager since they are the ones that are responsible for the main production line of the company. Through training and continued maintenance of competence, it will provide an opportunity to reinforce the safety policy and establish the proper attitudes and behaviours for all levels of staff in the organization. Safety Culture Safety culture can be defined as the product of individual and group values, attitudes, competencies and patterns of behaviour that determine their commitment to the health and safety issues. An organization with a safety culture is one that prioritizes the safety and the importance to manage them to reduce risk. However, a safety culture is more than just avoiding accidents or reducing the number of accidents, but an apparent measure of success in improving the safety of employees within the organization. In the aircraft maintenance industry, it is to do follow the correct procedures when carrying out a maintenance check or repairs. Recognizing that accidents are preventable through following the key to achieving that safety culture is in: recognizing that accidents are preventable through following correct procedures and established best practice; constantly thinking safety; and seeking continuous improvement It is however, rare that new types of accidents to occur and many of those common ones continue to occur are normally due to the unsafe acts of employees, or technicians in these maintenance industry. These errors are usually the violation of good practice of establish rules. Those who make these errors are often aware of their foul actions but to cut a lengthy task short, they normally choose to take short-cuts and this ultimately increase the risk of accidents occurring. The central of a Safety Culture is a leadership that is capable of communicating with everyone in the company as a means of actions and setting a standard to the safety culture. Once everyone in the organization are capable of doing their job in a safe ways and vigilance of the hazardous environment of the maintenance organization, only then can they reach a new standard of safety driven through attitudes. At the same time, as a leader they must actively encourage and demonstrate regularly to encourage all employees to participate in order to achieve a new level of safety. A safety culture in an aircraft maintenance industry should consist of five elements2: An informed culture In an informed culture the organization should collects and analyses relevant data, and actively disseminates safety information to update on their safety management system. A reporting culture Through cultivating an atmosphere where people have confidence to report safety concerns without fear of blame. Employees must know that confidentiality will be maintained and that the information they submit will be acted upon, otherwise they will decide that there is no benefit in their reporting A learning culture In a learning culture, the organization is able to learn from its mistakes and make improvements. It will also ensure that people understand the Safety Management System processes at a personal level. A just culture A just culture, errors and unsafe acts will not be punished if the error was unintentional. However, for those who act recklessly or take deliberate and unjustifiable risks will still be subject to disciplinary action. A flexible culture A flexible culture in the organization and the people in it are capable of adapting effectively to changing demands. Safety Management System with Safety Culture In a term, safety culture lays the foundation of the safety management system which can also be treated as the lifeblood of an organization. The safety culture can influences how well its people and structure work together therefore it can determines how successful an organization can be for the long term and short term period at the same time. Safety culture in a maintenance organisation can be also described as the way it operates and particularly in the way it manages safety. To put it simply, a safety culture influences all important thing that go on in an organization. In order for Safety Management System to accomplish its goals, the organization must first be able to establish a safety culture within the working environment. From the key components that made up the Safety Management System and Safety Culture, it is understandable that why without safety culture, a safety management System will not be effective. The Safety culture elements refers to the work environments, such as values, rules and understandings that influence the employees perceptions and attitudes toward the importance of a safety of the organization. On the other hand, the Safety Management System is the arrangements made by the organization in order to promote a safety culture and achieve good safety performance. Without a Safety Culture the industry will not be able to minimize the risks of accidents with just having a Safety Management System. It is the combine effects of the 2 that create a balance of risk management. The safety culture works by providing the proper analysis of risk faced by the industry and by using this information, the Safety Management System can make arrangement to strengthen the safety culture, for example, the attitude of employees when performing a task can be strengthen if they have beneficial claims if they done the task with correct procedure. Therefore, we can conclude that in order for a Safety Management System to establish in the aviation industry, a safety culture must coexist with Safety Management System. Reprimanding Engineer Reprimanding an engineer is a process where they are judge on their mistakes. However, the chances of that engineer making the same mistakes in the future is very low but if we are looking at a different type of mistakes, it is almost impossible to say that by reprimanding an engineer can actually prevent them from making the mistakes in the future. Even if we reprimand the engineer who is at fault it is difficult to put the blame on him/her as we are well aware of human factors and other factors that plays a role in such situation. Therefore, even if we were to reprimand the engineers for the mistakes, it is not entirely possible to say that they will not make other mistakes in the future. The only way to answer the question is the type of mistakes which is either something that we cant control i.e. human factors, and those that are caused by poor management in the organization. By learning from mistakes, the management team will be able to adjust or improve the working culture so t hat the same mistakes will not every happen again in the organization. The few aspects to that place the engineer in a position where he or she is at fault of the mistakes but the fact reveals that they are not entirely at fault. They are: Working Environment Workload Maintenance Team Working Environment: In the maintenance department of aviation industry, with the ever changing working environment it is hard for engineers to cope with it. The maintenance department will have aircraft going in and out of the hangar every day and it should be able to accommodate the specific type and number of aircraft in the base to carry out the maintenance. If the engineer have been working in a tight space area there are bound to have human errors mistakes going on in the maintenance base. When we talk about working environment, it also includes the environmental issues such as temperature, lighting, noise and tools. In different countries the working temperature can play a role in causing human errors which is can be prevented by having proper ventilation in the working environment. Lighting on the other hand plays an important role because a working environment with poor lighting can also promote poor working environment and expose engineers to make mistakes. Noise levels should be controlled to the point where it will not distract engineer when carrying out tasks such as inspection if it is not practical to control the noise source, engineers should be provided with the proper gear to stop the excessive noise that cause distraction. Working environment also includes the different types of tools that are used for specific tasks. If a maintenance need to carry out a task that requires tools that the maintenance department are not prepared with, engineers might be forced in a situation where they need to improvise to get the job done which include using non-compatible tools to do a job. Workload An increased workload may also be considered to be associated as the cause of the mistakes. Workload can affect engineers psychological and physical performance. With increased workload, the amount of stress that builds up slowly can ultimately cause an unwanted problem to happen. This is a common problem that can be found in most aviation maintenance industry as engineers are constantly asked to accomplish a task within a specific amount of time. If for some reason they are unable to accomplish the task in time, their stress level will rise to a point where they might complete the task without proper inspection of being done correctly. Therefore, engineers are not the only reason that will link them to making mistakes but originated from the maintenance department that schedule the amount of work that needs to be done. Maintenance Team In the aviation maintenance industry, it is common to find that engineers work in a team with a handful of technicians or other engineers to accomplish a certain job. However, it is impossible to judge whos at fault when a problem appears in the task that they performed. As a team, it is not justify putting the blame on 1 engineer that performs the task as a team be it the correct way or not. The issues should be raise up against the whole team in order to maintain a balance in the working culture so that everyone in the maintenance department are well aware of such a problem and will be more vigilance. After such an incident, the management team can set up a system that need all team members to inspect that the task is done correctly and without any problems and reducing the chances of repeating the same mistakes in the future. From the unintentional cause of mistakes, we now move on to discuss on the violation of aircraft maintenance practice. Although most engineers stern from a genuine desire to do a proper job but there are always some that chooses to be the odd ones and decided to violate the practices intentionally and pose as a threat to the aviation maintenance. There are 4 types of violation which can be classified: Routine Violation Routine violations is when engineers believe that procedures may be over prescriptive and decided that they can be violated to simplify a task or commonly known by us as cutting corners, to save time and efforts. Situational Violations Situational violation only occurs due to time pressure, high workload, unworkable procedures, inadequate tooling, and poor working conditions. So in order to get the job done, engineers consider that a procedure cannot be followed completely and again skipped the full procedure. Optimizing Violations Optimizing violations involve breaking the rules for kicks or pleasure. These are often quite unrelated to the actual task. The person just uses the opportunity to show that he is very skillful in doing specific task. Exceptional Violations Exceptional Violations are when engineers have no other options to proceed with a task without violating a few rules. Even if the engineers have no ill intention of violating any procedure but circumstances persists. When an error occurs in the maintenance department, the engineer who last worked on the aircraft is usually consider to be at fault and may be reprimanded and requires to go through some remedial training or simply told not to make the same error again. However, by blaming the engineer who is at fault may not be a positive ways of sending message across the maintenance department since other engineers may be discourage to come clean about their mistakes and cover up their mistakes. Ultimately, through reprimand it deny a safety culture to effectively establish in the maintenance department. Without a safety culture, the engineer will not be aware of the other mistakes and subsequently that engineer will make another mistake. All in all, it is not possible that the engineer will avoid making mistakes since there is always a human limit. So, in order to reduce or prevent errors, the maintenance organization needs to compromise between implementing measure to prevent or reduce errors and making profits. Perhaps the most important of all is to achieve a level of management where engineers have no means of intentionally violates the proper procedure to accomplish tasks. Conclusion In conclusion, human factor is one of the most common factors that cause error or accidents in the aviation maintenance industry. In order to prevent or reduce this risk, organization implemented many new types of safety system and culture to counter this problem. Human factor forces people to make mistakes and mistakes leads to accident, be it a serious or minor ones but the end result will be organization not making any profits. Having that said, since its not possible to avoid human factors in the aviation industry, engineers making a mistakes unintentionally can help the maintenance organization to learn from such an incident and implement new system so that they can reduce or prevent such mistakes from happening again in the future.